Annexal FiguresFigure 21-1　control ventilation via side hole of bronchoscopeFigure 21-2　manually jet to ventilate via jet ventilation duct...[繼續閱讀]

    (Refer to 2003 ASRA consensus of the expertson neuraxial block and anticoagulationas)1.Unfractionated heparin(1) Intravenous heparin: Cease intravenous heparin at least 4 hours and wait coagulation parameters back to normal range before performing the int...[繼續閱讀]

    1.Lumbosacral trunk injuryLumbosacral trunk injury is due to the lumbosacral trunk compression by fetal head at the ala sacralis.Clinical manifestations are weakness of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion (drop foot), hypesthesia of lateral crural region and ...[繼續閱讀]

    For patients with coagulation disorders and perioperative treatment with anticoagulant drugs, the timing of regional anesthesia is very important.Anesthesiologists should well know about the basic pharmacology of commonly used anticoagulant drugs, so as t...[繼續閱讀]

    24.1　The definition and the harm of postoperative pain24.1.1　DefinitionPostoperative pain is a kind of nociceptive pain, referring to the acute pain after the surgery, which lasts for less than 7 days.Its common and in clinical setting and it needs urgent...[繼續閱讀]

    25.1　Adverse effects of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (1) PONV can cause different degree of discomfort, which is one of the important reasons for dissolution of patients.(2) PONV makes orcd intake impossible after surgery.It can easily cause ...[繼續閱讀]

    Delirium is a group of clinical syndromes with an acute cognitive function change,in which the change of consciousness and inattention is fluctuant with time.The occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) has obvious temporal characteristic, which is main...[繼續閱讀]

    27.1　Pediatric airway instruments and usage27.1.1　Mask(1) The ideal pediatric mask has an aircushion sealing ring to cover the bridge of the nose, cheeks and chin, with different sizes for choice.The dead space should be as small as possible.Transparent m...[繼續閱讀]

    Neonates are infants within 28 days after the birth.Low birth weight infants (LBW) are the newborns whose weights are less than 2 500g, within 1 hours after the birth regardless of at term or post date, including premature infants and small-for-gestationa...[繼續閱讀]

    29.1　OutlineInappropriate perioperative fluid management of pediatric patients, such as excessive or insufficient infusion, uncorrected water and electrolyte disorders, may lead to many problems, which is more life-threathening compared with adults.This g...[繼續閱讀]