Gaschromatographyisaseparationtechniquewherebyavaporizedsampleiscarriedbyaflowingstreamof(usually)inertgasthroughatubewhichiseitherfilledwithfineparticlesoriswall-coatedwithalow-volatilityliquid.Thetubeistermedthecolumn.Ifthecolumnisfilledwithdryparticles...[繼續閱讀]

    Highperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)isthefastestgrowinganalyticaltechniquefortheanalysisofdrugs.Itssimplicity,highspecificity,andwiderangeofsensitivitymakeitidealfortheanalysisofmanydrugsinbothdosageformsandbiologicalfluids.Togainanappreciationforthe...[繼續閱讀]

    Theemissionoflightbymoleculeswhichareexcitedbytheabsorptionofvisibleorultravioletradiationisthebasisofluminescence(fluorescenceandphosphorescence)spectroscopy.Duetoitsrelativelylowcostandhighanalyticalsensitivitythistechniqueiswidelyemployedinthequantitat...[繼續閱讀]

    Thebasicexperimentaloperationintitrimetricanalysisiscalledatitration.Inatitration,asolutionofonereactantofaccuratelyknownconcentration(thetitrant,orstandardsolution)isaddedtoasecondthesolutionofsamplewhoseamountorconcentrationistobedetermined.Titrantisadd...[繼續閱讀]

    Physicalandinstrumentalmethodsareanalyticalmethodsbaseduponmeasurementsofphysicalpropertiesandmeasurementswithinstruments.Separationofthepropertiesofmatterintophysicalandchemicalpropertiesisarbitrarybutoftenconvenient.Aphysicalpropertycanbedefinedasaquali...[繼續閱讀]

    Nearlyallthesamplespresentedtothepharmaceuticalanalystaremixtures,sometimesverycomplexones.Thedeterminationoftheamountofeachisolatedcomponentisusuallyasimplematter.Theanalysisofthesesamecomponentsineachother’spresencemay,however,bedifficultorevenimpossibl...[繼續閱讀]

    Overthelastdecade,themostsignificantdevelopmentsinliquidchromatography,specificallyinHPLC,havebeenintheareasofinstrumentationandequipment,advancesinstationaryphasechemistryandtheirdesign,improvementsincolumndesignanddimensions,useofdifferentadditivesinmob...[繼續閱讀]

    IntroductionInthischapterthetopicisthetechniquesforpreparingpharmaceuticalsamplesforanalysis.Samplepreparationofpharmaceuticalproductsaswellasbiologicalsamplesisdiscussed.Thescopeofthischapterincludesonlysamplepreparationforchromatographicanalysisinwhicht...[繼續閱讀]

    Massspectrometry(MS)hasbecomeoneofthemostimportantanalyticaltoolsemployedintheanalysisofpharmaceuticals.Thiscanmostlikelybeattributedtotheavailabilityofnewinstrumentationandionizationtechniquesthatcanbeusedtohelpsolvedifficultbioanalyticalproblemsassociat...[繼續閱讀]

    IntroductionTheabsorptionofelectromagneticradiationofwavelengthsbetween200and800nmbymoleculeswhichhaveπelectronsoratomspossessingunsharedelectronpairscanbeemployedforbothqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis;assuch,itisknownasspectrophotometry.Asawidevariety...[繼續閱讀]