Hydrologicalmodels,whichareintegratedwithGISsoftwaresocalledaGIS-basedmodelingsystem,providinguserswithusefulinterfaces,canbecategorizedintothreeclassesdependingontheGIStool:①distributedhydrologicalmodelsystemsbasedoncommercialGISsoftware,②open-sourceGISs...[繼續閱讀]

    Well-developedGISsystemsprovidesstrongspatialandattributedataanalysisandcalculationfunctions,e.g.rivernetworkcodingespeciallyusingPfafstettermethod(Pfafstetter,1989);automaticoperationsonsub-basindelineation;efficientinterpolationofrainfallandmeteorologic...[繼續閱讀]

    Thestructureofhydrologicalmodelingtoolmainlyconsistsoffourstructuralparts:①generalGISsoftwareforhydrologicalanalysis;②pre-processingmodule;③computationalmodule;④post-processingmodule.Ahydrologicalmodelingsystemcontainsmanyfunctionsinvolvingalotofalgorithm...[繼續閱讀]

    Pre-processingmoduleisthemostcomplicatedpartinthehydrologicalmodelingprocess(Figure4-3),including:①thegeneralhydrologicalanalysissub-modulebasedonDEM,containingcalculationsofflowdirection,flowaccumulation,flowlength,slopeanddigitalrivernetworksextractione...[繼續閱讀]

    Onekeycharacteristicandadvantageofdistributedhydrologicalmodelsisthatparametershavephysicalmeaningsandcanbecalculateddirectlyfromunderlyingdata.Parametersofmainriversandtributariesinsidethesub-basinarecalculatedaccordingtoDEM,flowlength,rivernetworkcodesa...[繼續閱讀]

    Itisnecessarytoobtainmeteorologicaldatafromeachsub-basinbyspatiallyinterpolatingmeteorologicaldatacollectedfromgauges.Figure4-7showsthecalculationflowchartforthespatialinterpolationofmeteorologicaldata.Meteorologicaldatainterpolationalgorithms,includingTh...[繼續閱讀]

    Real-timecomputationmeanstracinganddisplayingthecalculationresultssimultaneouslyinthecalculationprocess,anditincludessimulatedandobservedflowprocessesandspatialdisplayofwatercirculationunitsatsomespecificunits.Thedevelopmentofreal-timecomputationmodulesal...[繼續閱讀]

    Post-processingincludesLH-OATglobalsensitivityanalysis,singleormulti-objectiveparametercalibration,spatialdisplayandstatisticalanalysisofmodelresults.Thedevelopmentofautomaticparameterestimationmodulesallowstheusertoavoidthetediousmanualmodelcalibration,a...[繼續閱讀]

    HanjiangRiverisoneofthelargesttributaryofYangtzeRiver(latitude:30°10′N-34°20′N,longitude:106°15′E-114°20′E).PassingthroughtheprovincesofShanxi,Sichuan,He’nanandHubei,HanjiangRivermergesintoYangtzeRiveratWuhancity.ThelengthofHanjiangRiverexceeds1570kmandup...[繼續閱讀]

    Whencarryingoutdistributedwaterresourcesassessment,underlyingspatialdataneedstobecollectedincludinglandcoverandsoil.Itisworthmentioningthatthelandcoverofdifferentperiodswillresultindifferencesamongrunoffparameters,especiallyforlongtermsimulation.Therefore...[繼續閱讀]